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This document provides an analysis of the usage of the SSN Ontology. This edition adds usage information for terms added to SSN in the 2023 update [[vocab-ssn-2023]].
This W3C note on the usage of the SSN ontology (http://w3c.github.io/sdw-sosa-ssn/ssn/) was prepared to support its acceptance as an updated W3C recommendation.
The goal of the work is to analyse the usage of the SSN ontology along two aspects:
This report is a supplement to the original usage report, adding usage information relating to the terms added to SSN in the 2023 update.
The usage report for the previous edition of the SSN Ontology [[usage-ssn]] documented evidence of implementation
in at least two datasets for all terms in the ssn: and sosa: namespaces, either directly
or by entailment, except for the following:
The earlier edition of the usage report included automatic analysis of datasets included in several linked data registries. Most of the terms added in the 2023 edition were prompted by specific requirements from the community, or from logical consequences of including the new terms. Several projects provide implementations that use the new terms in datasets.
presents the datasets that used the SSN ontology that provided evidence of use of terms defined in the previous Edition.
| Identifier | Dataset | Source |
|---|---|---|
| D1 | Aemet.linkeddata.es (superseded) | LOD Laundromat, LOD Cloud Cache |
| D2 | environment.data.gov.au (retired) | Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Government Linked Data Working group |
| D3 | CRTM (retired) | Freddy Priyatna |
| D4 | ESPACIO DE DATOS DE ZARAGOZA | Oscar Corcho |
| D5 | SmartCity dataset and service | Raúl García-Castro |
| D6 | Surrey IOT Traffic dataset | Amélie Gyrard |
| D7 | Surrey IOT Air Pollution dataset | Amélie Gyrard |
| D8 | Surrey IOT Aarhus Parking inventory | Amélie Gyrard |
| D9 | Surrey IOT Aarhus Cultural Events graph | Amélie Gyrard |
| D10 | INRAE Weather Ontology (retired) | Amélie Gyrard |
| D11 | Graph of Things (retired) | Danh Le Phuoc |
| D12 | Geoscience Australia Sample Catalog (retired) | Geoscience Australia Survey Catalog (retired) | Nicholas Car, Geoscience Australia |
| D13 | Geologic Timescale Ontology | Simon Cox, IUGS Commission for Geoscience Information |
| D14 | Syndream (retired) | Nicolas Seydoux, IRIT/LAAS-CNRS |
| D15 | FixO3 Observatories Browse | Documents |
Markus Stocker, MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen |
| D16 | NERC Linked Systems | Alexandra Kokkinaki, British Oceanographic Data Centre |
| D17 | IDEAS Coal Oil Point Reserve Observations (retired) | Krzysztof Janowicz, IDEAS Coal Oil Point Reserve Observations |
| D18 | Tessel 2's LEDs implementation (retired) for Tessel 2 | Tobias Käfer, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology |
| D19 | PEP Platform (retired) | Maxime Lefrançois, ITEA2 12004 Smart Energy Aware Systems Project |
| D20 | bioTope (retired) | Alessandro Cerioni, IoT European Platforms Initiative bIoTope Project |
| D21 | enviroCar ontology | Krzysztof Janowicz, enviroCar |
| D22 | XDOMES (retired) sensorType | Janet Fredericks, XDOMES (retired) |
| D23 | XDOMES (retired) observableProperty | Janet Fredericks, XDOMES (retired) |
presents new datasets (since 2017) that use the SSN ontology, or terms from [[[vocab-ssn-ext]]] which have been incorporated into the 2023 edition.
| Identifier | Dataset | Source | D24 | SAREF | Maxime Lefrançois, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne |
|---|---|---|
| D25 | KnowWhereGraph | Krzysztof Janowicz, University of Vienna |
| D26 | OneWater - Eau Bien Commun | Sylvain Grellet, BRGM |
| D27 | TERN Ontology | TERN Linked Data Services, TERN |
| D28 | Biodiversity Data Repository | Nicholas Car, Australian DCCEEW |
| D29 | geochemxl | Nicholas Car, Geological Survey of Queensland |
| D30 | GSWA Supermodel | Nicholas Car, Geological Survey of Western Australia |
| D31 | Connected Systems | Alex Robin, Georobotix |
| D32 | ABIS | Australian Biodiversity Information Standard |
| D33 | 3D Cadastre | Rob Atkinson, OGC |
| D34 | IDO | Maja Milicic Brandt, IDO |
presents the coverage of the vocabulary terms of the SSN ontology in the datasets from both 2017 and now.
Object-properties are listed with their inverses. We consider usage of any object-property to also provide evidence of usage of its inverse.
| Term | Datasets | Total | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Module: SOSA Common | |||
| sosa:FeatureOfInterest | D1, D5, D11, D12, D14, D15, D17, D20, D21, D27, D34 | ||
| sosa:Property | D3, D5, D14, D15, D17, D18, D20, D21, D23, D27, D32, D34 | Includes usage of deprecated sub-classes `ObservableProperty` and `ActuatableProperty` | |
|
sosa:forProperty
sosa:propertyFor |
D14, D18, D20, D34 | ||
|
sosa:hasProperty
sosa:isPropertyOf |
D3, D11, D15, D20 | ||
|
sosa:hasFeatureOfInterest
sosa:isFeatureOfInterestOf |
D1, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D15, D17, D18, D20, D21, D32, D34 | ||
|
sosa:hasProperty
sosa:isPropertyOf |
D11, D14, D15, D18, D20, D34 | ||
|
sosa:hasUltimateFeatureOfInterest
sosa:isUltimateFeatureOfInterestOf |
D32 | ||
| sosa:Procedure | D14, D16, D17, D18, D19, D21, D27, D34 | Also see entries for sub-classes `sosa:ActuatingProcedure`, `sosa:ObservingProcedure`, `sosa:SamplingProcedure` | |
|
sosa:hasInput
sosa:inputFor* |
D14, D19, D34 | ||
|
sosa:hasOutput
sosa:outputFor |
D14, D19, D34 | ||
|
sosa:hasProcedure
sosa:isProcedureFor |
|||
|
sosa:implementedBy
sosa:implements |
D14, D16, D18, D19, D20, D34 | ||
|
sosa:usedForExecution
sosa:usedProcedure |
D17, D19, D21, D32, D34 | ||
| sosa:Execution | `Execution` is considered to be abstract so is not used directly. Individual Executions are typed with one of the (concrete) sub-classes: `Actuation`, `Observation` or `Sampling`. | ||
| sosa:ExecutionCollection | `ExecutionCollection` is considered to be abstract so is not used directly. Individual ExecutionCollections are typed with one of the (concrete) sub-classes: `ActuationCollection`, `ObservationCollection` or `SamplingCollection`. | ||
| sosa:endTime | |||
|
sosa:hasInputValue*
sosa:inputValueForExecution* |
|||
|
sosa:hasResult
sosa:isResultOf |
D3, D4, D5, D10, D11, D12, D15, D19, D32, D34 | ||
| sosa:hasSimpleResult | D15, D17, D18, D20, D21, D32 | ||
|
sosa:madeBySystem*
sosa:madeExecution* |
`madeBySystem` and `madeExecution` are considered to be abstract so are not used directly. Applications use a concrete sub-property: `madeByActuator`, `madeBySensor` or `madeBySampler` and `madeActuation` `madeObservation` `madeSampling` | ||
|
sosa:phenomenonOccurred*
sosa:phenomenonTime |
D5, D11, D32 | ||
| sosa:resultTime | D3, D4, D10, D11, D15, D17, D20, D21, D32 | ||
| sosa:startTime | |||
| sosa:Asset* | `Asset` is considered to be abstract so is not used directly. Individual Assets are typed with one of the (concrete) sub-classes: `System` or `Platform`. | ||
| sosa:Deployment | D2, D16, D32, D34 | ||
| sosa:Platform | D2, D10, D11, D12, D15, D16, D17, D18, D21, D27, D32, D34 | ||
| sosa:System | D2, D10, D11, D15, D16, D34 | `System` is considered to be abstract so is not normally used directly. Individual Systems are typed with one of the (concrete) sub-classes: `Actuator`, `Sensor`, or `Sampler`. | |
|
sosa:deployedAsset
sosa:hasDeployment |
D16 | ||
|
sosa:deployedOnPlatform
sosa:inDeployment |
D2, D11, D16, D20, D34 | ||
|
sosa:deployedSystem
sosa:systemDeployment* |
D11, D20, D34 | ||
|
sosa:hasSubSystem
sosa:isSubSystemOf |
D15, D17, D18, D20, D21, D34 | ||
|
sosa:hosts
sosa:isHostedBy |
D10, D12, D21, D11, D15, D17, D18, D32, D34 | ||
|
sosa:hasMember
sosa:isMemberOf |
D32 | ||
| Module: SOSA Actuation | |||
| sosa:ActuatingProcedure* | |||
| sosa:Actuation | D14, D18, D27, D34 | ||
| sosa:ActuationCollection* | |||
| sosa:Actuator | D14, D18, D34 | ||
|
sosa:actsOn*
sosa:isActedOnBy |
D14, D34 | ||
|
sosa:actsOnProperty
sosa:wasActedOnBy* |
D14 | ||
|
sosa:madeActuation
sosa:madeByActuator |
D18, D34 | ||
| Module: SOSA Observation | |||
| sosa:Observation | D14, D15, D17, D18, D20, D21, D27, D28, D32, D34 | ||
| sosa:ObservationCollection | D27, D28, D29, D32 | ||
| sosa:ObservingProcedure* | |||
| sosa:Sensor | D2, D11, D14, D15, D17, D18, D20, D22, D27, D32, D34 | ||
| sosa:Stimulus | D15, D34 | ||
|
sosa:detects
sosa:isDetectedBy* |
D11, D15, D34 | ||
|
sosa:hasProxy*
sosa:isProxyFor |
, D34 | ||
|
sosa:isObservedBy
sosa:observes |
D10, D11, D15, D16, D18, D20, D32, D34 | ||
|
sosa:madeBySensor
sosa:madeObservation |
D1, D2, D3, D4, D10, D11, D17, D18, D20, D21, D32, D34 | ||
|
sosa:observationRelatedTo*
sosa:relatedObservation* |
|||
|
sosa:observedProperty
sosa:wasObservedBy* |
D1, D3, D4, D5, D10, D11, D17, D20, D21, D28, D29, D32, D34 | ||
|
sosa:originated*
sosa:wasOriginatedBy |
D15 | ||
|
sosa:qualityOf*
sosa:resultQuality* |
|||
| Module: SOSA Sampling | |||
| sosa:Sample | D12, D13, D17, D20, D21, D27, D28, D29, D30, D32 | ||
| sosa:MaterialSample* | D30 | ||
| sosa:SpatialSample* | |||
| sosa:StatisticalSample* | |||
| sosa:SampleCollection* | |||
| sosa:Sampler | D12, D27, D32, D34 | ||
| sosa:Sampling | D12, D27, D32, D34 | ||
| sosa:SamplingCollection* | |||
| sosa:SamplingProcedure* | |||
|
sosa:featureHasUltimateSample*
sosa:isSampleOfUltimateFOI* |
D27, D32 | ||
|
sosa:hasOriginalSample*
sosa:isOriginalSampleOf* |
|||
|
sosa:hasSample
sosa:isSampleOf |
D12, D17, D20, D21, D32, D34 | ||
|
sosa:isResultOfMadeBySampler*
sosa:madeSamplingHasResult* |
|||
|
sosa:isResultOfUsedProcedure*
sosa:usedForExecutionHasResult* |
|||
|
sosa:madeBySampler
sosa:madeSampling |
D12, D32, D34 | ||
The goals of this analysis are the following: a) to analyse which modules of the SSN ontology have been used in different ontologies and b) to analyse the coverage of the SSN vocabulary terms and modules in those ontologies.
presents the ontologies that reuse the SSN ontology that have been found, along with their URIs.