Trait core::hash::Hash 1.0.0[−][src]
pub trait Hash {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H);
fn hash_slice<H: Hasher>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)
where
Self: Sized,
{ ... }
}Expand description
可散列的类型。
实现 Hash 的类型可以通过 Hasher 的实例进行 hash 化。
实现 Hash
如果所有字段都要实现 Hash,则可以用 #[derive(Hash)] 派生 Hash。
产生的哈希将是在每个字段上调用 hash 的值的组合。
#[derive(Hash)]
struct Rustacean {
name: String,
country: String,
}Run如果您需要更多地控制值的散列方式,则当然可以自己实现 Hash trait:
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
struct Person {
id: u32,
name: String,
phone: u64,
}
impl Hash for Person {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
self.id.hash(state);
self.phone.hash(state);
}
}RunHash 和 Eq
同时实现 Hash 和 Eq 时,保持以下属性很重要:
k1 == k2 -> hash(k1) == hash(k2)换句话说,如果两个键相等,则它们的哈希也必须相等。
HashMap 和 HashSet 都依赖于这种行为。
值得庆幸的是,在使用 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] 派生 Eq 和 Hash 时,您不必担心维护此属性。
前缀冲突
hash 的实现应该确保它们传递给 Hasher 的数据是无前缀的。
也就是说,不相等的值应该导致写入两个不同的值序列,并且两个序列中的任何一个都不应该是另一个的前缀。
例如,Hash for &str 的标准实现将额外的 0xFF 字节传递给 Hasher,以便值 ("ab", "c") 和 ("a", "bc") 哈希不同。
Required methods
Provided methods
将这种类型的切片送入给定的 Hasher 中。
此方法是为了方便起见,但它的实现也明确未指定。
它不能保证等同于 hash 的重复调用,并且 Hash 的实现应该记住这一点,如果在 PartialEq 实现中没有将 6 视为整个单元,则调用 hash 本身。
例如,一个 VecDeque 实现可能天真地调用 as_slices 然后 hash_slice 对每个调用 hash_slice,但这是错误的,因为两个切片可以随调用更改为 make_contiguous 而不会影响 PartialEq 结果。
由于这些切片不被视为单一单元,而是更大双端队列的一部分,因此无法使用此方法。
Examples
use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
let numbers = [6, 28, 496, 8128];
Hash::hash_slice(&numbers, &mut hasher);
println!("Hash is {:x}!", hasher.finish());RunImplementors
impl<A: Hash, B: Hash, C: Hash, D: Hash, E: Hash, F: Hash> Hash for (A, B, C, D, E, F) where
F: ?Sized,
impl<A: Hash, B: Hash, C: Hash, D: Hash, E: Hash, F: Hash, G: Hash> Hash for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) where
G: ?Sized,
impl<A: Hash, B: Hash, C: Hash, D: Hash, E: Hash, F: Hash, G: Hash, H: Hash> Hash for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) where
H: ?Sized,
impl<A: Hash, B: Hash, C: Hash, D: Hash, E: Hash, F: Hash, G: Hash, H: Hash, I: Hash> Hash for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) where
I: ?Sized,
impl<A: Hash, B: Hash, C: Hash, D: Hash, E: Hash, F: Hash, G: Hash, H: Hash, I: Hash, J: Hash> Hash for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J) where
J: ?Sized,
impl<A: Hash, B: Hash, C: Hash, D: Hash, E: Hash, F: Hash, G: Hash, H: Hash, I: Hash, J: Hash, K: Hash> Hash for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K) where
K: ?Sized,
impl<A: Hash, B: Hash, C: Hash, D: Hash, E: Hash, F: Hash, G: Hash, H: Hash, I: Hash, J: Hash, K: Hash, L: Hash> Hash for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L) where
L: ?Sized,
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G> Hash for fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G> Hash for unsafe fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H> Hash for fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H> Hash for unsafe fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> Hash for fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> Hash for unsafe fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J> Hash for fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J> Hash for unsafe fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K> Hash for fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K> Hash for unsafe fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L> Hash for fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K, _: L) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K, _: L) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L> Hash for extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K, _: L, ...) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L> Hash for unsafe fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K, _: L) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K, _: L) -> Ret
impl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L> Hash for unsafe extern "C" fn(_: A, _: B, _: C, _: D, _: E, _: F, _: G, _: H, _: I, _: J, _: K, _: L, ...) -> Ret
数组的哈希值与对应的 X 像素的哈希值相同,符合实现的要求。
#![feature(build_hasher_simple_hash_one)]
use std::hash::BuildHasher;
let b = std::collections::hash_map::RandomState::new();
let a: [u8; 3] = [0xa8, 0x3c, 0x09];
let s: &[u8] = &[0xa8, 0x3c, 0x09];
assert_eq!(b.hash_one(a), b.hash_one(s));Run