Descriptive Analysis

.title[
# Descriptive Analysis
]
.subtitle[
## <a href="https://github.com/worldbank">R for Stata Users</a>
]
.author[
### Luiza Andrade, Marc-Andrea Fiorina, Rob Marty, Maria Reyes Retana, Rony Rodriguez Ramirez, Luis Eduardo San Martin, Leonardo Viotti
]
.date[
### The World Bank | <a href="https://github.com/worldbank">WB Github</a> <br> March 2024
]

---

# Introduction

### Initial Setup

.panel[.panel-name[If You Attended Session 2]
1. Go to the `dime-r-training-mar2024` folder that you created yesterday, and open the `dime-r-training-mar2024` R project that you created there.
]

1. Open RStudio.

2. Type in the following lines, replacing “YOURFILEPATHHERE” with a file path where the file path where you will place this R project.

```r
install.packages("usethis")
library(usethis)
usethis::use_course(
    "https://github.com/worldbank/dime-r-training/archive/main.zip",
    destdir = "YOURFILEPATHHERE"
)
```

3\. In the console, type in the requisite number to delete the .zip file (we don't need it anymore)

4\. A new RStudio environment will open. Use this for the session today. 
  
  
]

]

---
# Table of contents

.vlarge[
1. [Quick summary statistics](#exploring)
2. [Descriptive statistics tables](#desc_tables)
3. [Exporting descriptive statistics tables](#exporting)
3. [Formatting tables](#beautifying)
3. [Aggregating observations](#aggregating)
3. [Running regressions](#regressing)
3. [Exporting regression tables](#reg_tables)
]

???

I'm here to talk to you about creating tables in R. Although in terms of data analysis this is very similar to data visualization, in the sense that what we are doing is trying to display information about the data in the most concise and informative manner, the tools and packages required to implement the two are very different. Which is why we separated them into two sessions.

I will tell you exactly what are we going to do for the next hour and a half in a little bit, but first, let me ask you all something: what software do you usually export your tables to?

The objection of this session is to show you have to do 4 things:
- print quick statistics to explore your data
- export summary statistics tables in the most reproducible way possible
- run simple regressions
- export regression tables

I think most of you here know me already and have heard my spiel before, but since that's what I do, let's take a look at what I mean by reproducible

---

# Workflows for outputs

## .red[Not reproducible]

Anything that requires
<svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#ac142a;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M80 96v16c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32h60.8c16.6-28.7 47.6-48 83.2-48h62c-7.1-27.6-32.2-48-62-48H215.4C211.6 20.9 188.2 0 160 0s-51.6 20.9-55.4 48H64C28.7 48 0 76.7 0 112V384c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64h96V400H64c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V112c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16H80zm64-40a16 16 0 1 1 32 0 16 16 0 1 1 -32 0zM256 464c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V192c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16H384v48c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32h48V448c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H256zm192 48c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V227.9c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-51.9-51.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1H256c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64V448c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H448z"/></svg> Copy-pasting
<svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#ac142a;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M339.3 367.1c27.3-3.9 51.9-19.4 67.2-42.9L568.2 74.1c12.6-19.5 9.4-45.3-7.6-61.2S517.7-4.4 499.1 9.6L262.4 187.2c-24 18-38.2 46.1-38.4 76.1L339.3 367.1zm-19.6 25.4l-116-104.4C143.9 290.3 96 339.6 96 400c0 3.9 .2 7.8 .6 11.6C98.4 429.1 86.4 448 68.8 448H64c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32H208c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112c0-2.5-.1-5-.2-7.5z"/></svg> Manual formatting after exported

## .green[Reproducible]

???

What is NOT reproducible? Anything that requires manual steps to update results in your final document after you update the data or the exact specification. This includes the terrible practice of printing results in the console and pasting them into Word, but also the much less terrible practice of exporting results to Excel and then manually formatting them and copying into Word.

Can someone tell me why these are not ideal practices?

The two best options to combine with R in terms of reproducibility are Markdown and LaTeX. Markdown is R's dyamic document framework and it's amazingly well developed. Most R advanced R users actually use Markdown to display their results instead of exporting tables and figures. I'm going to show you what that looks like, but this is a slightly more advanced topic that will not be covered on this course.

LaTeX, on the other hand, is widely used among non-R users, and there are plenty of packages to export tables to it in Stata as well.

But that's enough of me talking. Let's get you all to run some code

---

# Setting the stage

Load the packages that we will use today

```r
# Install new packages
install.packages("modelsummary")
install.packages("fixest")
install.packages("janitor")
install.packages("huxtable")
install.packages("openxlsx")
```

```r
# Load packages
library(here)
library(tidyverse)
library(modelsummary)
library(fixest)
library(janitor)
library(huxtable)
library(openxlsx)
```

---

# Setting the stage

Load the data that we will use today: Stata's `census` dataset

**Tip**: Use `here`, as we saw in the data wrangling session.

```r
  # Load data
   census <-
    read_rds(
      here(
        "DataWork",
        "DataSets", 
        "Final", 
        "census.rds"
      )
    )
```

???

So first thing, as usual, is make sure you are setting your folder paths so R knows where to find files and where to export them too.

If you have already downloaded the DataWork folder from OSF, all you need to do now is edit this line of code to match your computer. I'll do it on mine in case you don't remember the exact steps.

Then we will load the packages for today: tidyverse, as usual, and two new packages: modelsummary and huxtable, which we will learn about soon.

Finally, let's load some data. This dataset is probably already familiar to most of you: it's Stata's built-in 1980 census data at state level.

Double-check that you can see this dataset in your environment pane. Now, can someone tell me something about this dataset and how to get a little bit of information about it?

We discussed it in the data wrangling session.

---

# Taking a peek at the data

```r
glimpse(census)
```

```
## Rows: 50
## Columns: 13
## $ state    <chr> "Alabama", "Alaska", "Arizona", "Arkansas", "California", "Co…
## $ state2   <chr> "AL", "AK", "AZ", "AR", "CA", "CO", "CT", "DE", "FL", "GA", "…
## $ region   <fct> South, West, West, South, West, West, NE, South, South, South…
## $ pop      <int> 3893888, 401851, 2718215, 2286435, 23667902, 2889964, 3107576…
## $ poplt5   <int> 296412, 38949, 213883, 175592, 1708400, 216495, 185188, 41151…
## $ pop5_17  <int> 865836, 91796, 577604, 495782, 4680558, 592318, 637731, 12544…
## $ pop18p   <int> 2731640, 271106, 1926728, 1615061, 17278944, 2081151, 2284657…
## $ pop65p   <int> 440015, 11547, 307362, 312477, 2414250, 247325, 364864, 59179…
## $ popurban <int> 2337713, 258567, 2278728, 1179556, 21607606, 2329869, 2449774…
## $ medage   <dbl> 29.3, 26.1, 29.2, 30.6, 29.9, 28.6, 32.0, 29.8, 34.7, 28.7, 2…
## $ death    <int> 35305, 1604, 21226, 22676, 186428, 18925, 26005, 5123, 104190…
## $ marriage <int> 49018, 5361, 30223, 26513, 210864, 34917, 26048, 4437, 108344…
## $ divorce  <int> 26745, 3517, 19908, 15882, 133541, 18571, 13488, 2313, 71579,…
```

---

# Quick summary statistics

---

# Exploring a dataset

.command[
## `summary(x, digits)`
Equivalent to Stata's `codebook`. Its arguments are:
  
 * **x:** the object you want to summarize, usually a vector or data frame
 * *digits:* the number of decimal digits to be displayed
]

### Exercise 1 <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M64 112c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16V384c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H512c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V128c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H64zM0 128C0 92.7 28.7 64 64 64H512c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V384c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V128zM176 320H400c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H176c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V336c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm-72-72c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H120c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H120c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H200c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H200c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H280c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H280c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H360c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H360c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H440c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H440c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16z"/></svg>
Use the `summary()` function to describe the `census` data frame.
]

---

# Exploring a dataset

```r
summary(census)
```

```
##     state              state2              region        pop          
##  Length:50          Length:50          NE     : 9   Min.   :  401851  
##  Class :character   Class :character   N Cntrl:12   1st Qu.: 1169218  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   South  :16   Median : 3066433  
##                                        West   :13   Mean   : 4518149  
##                                                     3rd Qu.: 5434033  
##                                                     Max.   :23667902  
##      poplt5           pop5_17            pop18p             pop65p       
##  Min.   :  35998   Min.   :  91796   Min.   :  271106   Min.   :  11547  
##  1st Qu.:  98831   1st Qu.: 257949   1st Qu.:  823702   1st Qu.: 118660  
##  Median : 227468   Median : 629654   Median : 2175130   Median : 370495  
##  Mean   : 326278   Mean   : 945952   Mean   : 3245920   Mean   : 509503  
##  3rd Qu.: 361321   3rd Qu.:1143292   3rd Qu.: 3858173   3rd Qu.: 580087  
##  Max.   :1708400   Max.   :4680558   Max.   :17278944   Max.   :2414250  
##     popurban            medage          death           marriage     
##  Min.   :  172735   Min.   :24.20   Min.   :  1604   Min.   :  4437  
##  1st Qu.:  826651   1st Qu.:28.73   1st Qu.:  9087   1st Qu.: 14840  
##  Median : 2156905   Median :29.75   Median : 26177   Median : 36279  
##  Mean   : 3328253   Mean   :29.54   Mean   : 39474   Mean   : 47701  
##  3rd Qu.: 3403450   3rd Qu.:30.20   3rd Qu.: 46533   3rd Qu.: 57338  
##  Max.   :21607606   Max.   :34.70   Max.   :186428   Max.   :210864  
##     divorce      
##  Min.   :  2142  
##  1st Qu.:  6898  
##  Median : 17113  
##  Mean   : 23679  
##  3rd Qu.: 27987  
##  Max.   :133541
```
]

---

# Exploring a dataset

---

# Summarizing continuous variables

.large[
- `summary()` can also be used with a single variable.
- When used with continuous variables, it works similarly to `summarize` in Stata.
- When used with categorical variables, it works similarly to `tabulate`.
]

---

# Summarizing continuous variables

### Exercise 2 <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M64 112c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16V384c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H512c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V128c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H64zM0 128C0 92.7 28.7 64 64 64H512c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V384c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V128zM176 320H400c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H176c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V336c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm-72-72c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H120c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H120c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H200c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H200c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H280c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H280c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H360c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H360c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H440c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H440c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16z"/></svg>
Use the `summary()` function to display summary statistics for a continuous variable in the  `census` data frame.
]

???

Note that we have already summarized continuous and categorical variables when summarizing the entire data frame. But this is a reminder of how to select a single column inside a data frame. So choose are continuous variables you can find and summarize only that variable.

---

# Summarizing continuous variables

```r
summary(census$pop)
```

```
##     Min.  1st Qu.   Median     Mean  3rd Qu.     Max. 
##   401851  1169218  3066433  4518149  5434033 23667902
```

---

# Summarizing continuous variables

---

# Summarizing categorical variables

.command[
## `tabyl(x, ...)`
Equivalent to `tabulate` in Stata, creates a frequency table. Its main arguments are vectors to be tabulated.

* **x:** the object you want to summarize, usually a vector or data frame
 * *...* additional options as show_na, or show_missing_levels. 
]

.exercise[
### Exercise 3 <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M64 112c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16V384c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H512c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V128c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H64zM0 128C0 92.7 28.7 64 64 64H512c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V384c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V128zM176 320H400c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H176c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V336c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm-72-72c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H120c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H120c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H200c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H200c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H280c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H280c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H360c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H360c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm64 96c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H440c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V248zm16-96h16c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v16c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H440c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V168c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16z"/></svg>
Use the `tabyl()` function to display frequency tables for:

1. The variable `region` in the `census` data frame
2. The variables `region` and `state` in the `census` data frame, simultaneously
]

---

# Summarizing categorical variables

## One way tabulation

```r
census %>% 
  tabyl(region)
```

???

Note that this and other tables that we will create during this session look more polished in the presentation than when you print them to the console. That's because the commands have a pre-defined printing option for RMArkdown, which was used to create this presentation

---

# Summarizing categorical variables

## Two way tabulation

```r
census %>%
  tabyl(state, region)
```
<table class="huxtable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 2em; margin-top: 2em; ; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;  " id="tab:unnamed-chunk-12">
<col><col><col><col><col><tr>
<th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0.4pt 0pt 0.4pt 0.4pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: bold;">state</th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0.4pt 0pt 0.4pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: bold;">NE</th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0.4pt 0pt 0.4pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: bold;">N Cntrl</th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0.4pt 0pt 0.4pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: bold;">South</th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0.4pt 0.4pt 0.4pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: bold;">West</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0.4pt 0pt 0pt 0.4pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">Alabama</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0.4pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0.4pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0.4pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0.4pt 0.4pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.4pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">Alaska</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0.4pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">1</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.4pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">Arizona</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0.4pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">1</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.4pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">Arkansas</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0.4pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">0</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.4pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">California</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0.4pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">1</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.4pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">Colorado</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0.4pt 0pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; font-weight: normal;">1</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0.4pt 0.4pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">Connecticut</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0.4pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0.4pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0pt 0.4pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; white-space: normal; border-style: solid solid solid solid; border-width: 0pt 0.4pt 0.4pt 0pt;    padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-weight: normal;">0</td></tr>
</table>

???

Note that the output of `table` having a single variable as argument is the same as that of `summary`. However, `table` can also do two-way tabulations

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# Descriptives tables

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# Descriptives tables

## What if you want to...
- ...export the summary statistics to another software?
- ...customize which statistics to display?
- ...format the table?

## Well, then you will need a few more packages
- There are many packages that can be used both for displaying and exporting summary statistics
- Today we will show you a combination of two packages: `modelsummary` and `huxtable`
- We chose this combination because together, they can perform all the tasks we are interested in
- In fact, `modelsummary` can perform most of them by itself -- with the exception of exporting formatted tables to Excel

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