osi-model

OSI Model

Application Layer

HTTP

FTP

SMTP

DNS

Presentation Layer

Data translation

Encryption

Compression

Session Layer

Session establishment

Session management

Session termination

Transport Layer

TCP

UDP

Segmentation

Flow control

Network Layer

IP

Routing

Packet forwarding

Routers

Data Link Layer

Ethernet

MAC addressing

Frame handling

Switches

Physical Layer

Cables

Radio signals

Electrical signals

Hubs