Static outliers for Birmingham And Solihull STP
There is substantial variation in prescribing behaviours, across various different areas of medicine. Some variation can be explained by demographic changes, or local policies or guidelines, but much of the remaining variation is less easy to explain. At OpenPrescribing we are piloting a number of data-driven approaches to identify unusual prescribing and collect feedback on this prescribing to inform development of new tools to support prescribers and organisations to audit and review prescribing.
This report has been developed to automatically identify prescribing patterns at a chemical level which are furthest away from “typical prescribing” and can be classified as an “outlier”. We calculate the number of prescriptions for each chemical in the BNF coding system using the BNF subparagraph as a denominator, for prescriptions dispensed between April 2021 and August 2021. We then calculate the mean and standard deviation for each numerator and denominator pair across all practices/CCGs/PCNs/STPs. From this we can calculate the “z-score”, which is a measure of how many standard deviations a given practice/CCG/PCN/STP is from the population mean. We then rank your “z-scores” to find the top 5 results where prescribing is an outlier for prescribing higher than its peers and those where it is an outlier for prescribing lower than its peers.
It is important to remember that this information was generated automatically and it is therefore likely that some of the behaviour is warranted. This report seeks only to collect information about where this variation may be warranted and where it might not. Our full analytical method code is openly available on GitHub here.
The DataLab is keen to hear your feedback on the results. You can do this by completing the following survey or emailing us at ebmdatalab@phc.ox.ac.uk. Please DO NOT INCLUDE IDENTIFIABLE PATIENT information in your feedback. All feedback is helpful, you can send short or detailed feedback.
Prescribing where Birmingham And Solihull STP is higher than most
| BNF Chemical | Chemical Items | BNF Subparagraph | Subparagraph Items | Ratio | Mean | std | Z_Score | Plots |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emulsifying wax | 3 | Vehicles | 14 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 6.33 |  |
| Other oral ulceration and inflammation preparations | 1 | Drugs for oral ulceration and inflammation | 7686 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 6.33 |  |
| Abacavir | 1 | HIV infection | 45 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 6.25 |  |
| Cod liver oil | 6 | Barrier preparations | 2814 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.99 |  |
| Ambrisentan | 1 | Vasodilator antihypertensive drugs | 1185 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.99 |  |
Prescribing where Birmingham And Solihull STP is lower than most
| BNF Chemical | Chemical Items | BNF Subparagraph | Subparagraph Items | Ratio | Mean | std | Z_Score | Plots |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montelukast | 34185 | Leukotriene receptor antagonists | 34189 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | -3.30 |  |
Montelukast 5mg chewable tablets sugar free : 3725 Montelukast 10mg tablets : 28291 Montelukast 4mg chewable tablets sugar free : 1377 Montelukast 4mg granules sachets sugar free : 674 Singulair Paediatric 5mg chewable tablets : 20 Singulair 10mg tablets : 91 Singulair Paediatric 4mg chewable tablets : 1 Singulair Paediatric 4mg granules sachets : 6 | ||||||||
| Warfarin sodium | 7460 | Oral anticoagulants | 99235 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 0.06 | -2.97 |  |
| Codeine phosphate | 1027 | Cough suppressants | 1967 | 0.52 | 0.78 | 0.09 | -2.89 |  |
| Famotidine | 2311 | H2-Receptor antagonists | 3326 | 0.69 | 0.81 | 0.05 | -2.23 |  |
| Co-cyprindiol (Cyprote acetate/ethinylestradiol) | 325 | Oral preparations for acne | 505 | 0.64 | 0.93 | 0.13 | -2.21 |  |