US vs EU Reciprocal Tariffs by Product

Current Effective Tariff Rates — US on EU imports vs EU on US imports (September 2026)

Post-Supreme Court IEEPA ruling (Feb 20, 2026) → Section 122 10% global surcharge (Feb 24–Jul 24, 2026, expired) → Section 301 forced-labor tariffs effective Jul 24, 2026 (10–12.5% on 60 economies; EU combined MFN+Section 301 generally capped at 10%, below the Framework Agreement's 15% ceiling). Section 232 tariffs remain: steel/aluminum/copper 50%, autos/parts 15% combined; pharmaceuticals, semiconductors and lumber Section 232 actions pending, capped at ≤15% for the EU. EU side: Implementing Regulations adopted Jun 25, 2026 eliminate duties on US industrial goods (in force to end-2029); EU retaliatory tariffs remain suspended since Aug 2025. Rates are stored as fractions — use the % button for percent display.

🇬🇦 US tariff on EU goods

🇪🇳 EU tariff on US goods

Ix	Product	US on EU	EU on US	Notes
1	Steel	0.50	0.00	Section 232 (50% since Jun 2025). EU retaliatory 25% suspended since Aug 2025; US industrial goods now 0% into the EU.
2	Aluminum	0.50	0.00	Section 232 (50% since Jun 2025). EU retaliation suspended; TRQ cooperation under discussion.
3	Copper	0.50	0.00	Section 232 copper Proclamation 10962 — 50% since Aug 2025 (was 25% figure in prior edition). EU MFN 0%.
4	Automobiles	0.15	0.00	Section 232 combined 15% (down from 27.5%, effective Aug 1, 2025). EU 10% MFN eliminated on US autos by the 2026 Implementing Regulations.
5	Auto Parts	0.15	0.00	Section 232 combined 15% cap. EU duties (~3–4.5%) eliminated on US parts (2026 regulations).
6	Dairy Products	0.10	0.30	US: MFN + Section 301, combined generally capped at 10% (down from 15% Framework ceiling). EU ~30% MFN retained; new US dairy TRQs under the 2026 regulations.
7	Beef & Meat	0.10	0.13	US: Section 301 cap 10%; certain agricultural products (incl. beef) exempt. EU ~12.8% + SPS rules; pork/bison get preferential access.
8	Wine & Spirits	0.10	0.00	US: Section 301 cap 10% (down from 15% Framework ceiling). EU: 0% on US wine & spirits (duty-free).
9	Cereals & Grains	0.10	0.35	US: Section 301 cap 10%. EU heavily protects grains (CAP), ~35%; some TRQ access granted in 2026.
10	Sugar & Confectionery	0.10	0.30	US: Section 301 cap 10% (EU on 'non-sensitive' ag list). EU retains ~30% on sugar (sensitive list) with limited TRQs.
11	Chemicals	0.10	0.00	US: Section 301 cap 10% (chemical precursors MFN-only per Framework). EU duties eliminated on US industrial chemicals.
12	Pharmaceuticals	0.00	0.00	US: currently 0%; generic pharma/ingredients MFN-only per Framework; pending Section 232 pharma action capped ≤15% for EU. EU zero-for-zero.
13	Machinery	0.10	0.00	US: Section 301 cap 10% (MFN ~2.4%). EU industrial-goods duties eliminated (2026 regulations).
14	Electronics & Semiconductors	0.00	0.00	ITA — 0% both sides; pending Section 232 semiconductor action capped ≤15% for EU. EU 0%.
15	Textiles & Apparel	0.10	0.00	US: Section 301 combined cap 10% (below ~12% MFN average). EU duties eliminated on US textiles.
16	Footwear	0.10	0.00	US: Section 301 cap 10% (was ~11% MFN). EU industrial-goods duties eliminated.
17	Ceramics & Glass	0.10	0.00	US: Section 301 cap 10%. EU duties eliminated (2026 regulations).
18	Plastics & Rubber	0.10	0.00	US: Section 301 cap 10%. EU duties eliminated.
19	Paper & Pulp	0.10	0.00	US: MFN 0% + Section 301 (capped 10%). EU 0%.
20	Furniture	0.10	0.00	US: Section 301 cap 10% (MFN ~2.5%). EU duties eliminated.
21	Aircraft (civil)	0.00	0.00	Framework Agreement: MFN-only (0%) on all EU aircraft and parts since Sep 1, 2025. EU 0%.
22	Lumber & Wood	0.10	0.00	US: Section 301 cap 10%; pending Section 232 lumber action capped ≤15% for EU. EU 0% on most wood.
23	Tobacco	0.10	0.10	US: Section 301 cap 10%. EU moderate MFN ~10% retained (+ excise).
24	Olive Oil	0.10	0.40	US: Section 301 cap 10%. EU CAP ~40% retained (sensitive list; tomatoes/oranges exempt on US side).
25	Fish & Seafood	0.10	0.12	US: Section 301 cap 10%. EU ~12% average with new US TRQs/reduced tariffs (2026 regulations); lobster 0% (retroactive Aug 1, 2025 – Jul 31, 2030).

WTO MFN Baseline Rates (pre-2025, for reference)

Most Favored Nation rates before the 2025 tariff escalation. These were the standard rates applied.

🇬🇦 US MFN rate

🇪🇳 EU MFN rate

Ix	Product	US MFN	EU MFN	Notes
1	Steel	0.00	0.00	Pre-232: 0% MFN (generally). Both low.
2	Aluminum	0.03	0.06	US avg 2.6%. EU avg 6%.
3	Automobiles	0.03	0.10	US 2.5% (famously low). EU 10%.
4	Auto Parts	0.03	0.05	US ~2.5%. EU ~3–4.5%.
5	Dairy Products	0.20	0.30	Both heavily protected. US avg ~20%, EU avg ~30%.
6	Beef & Meat	0.04	0.13	US ~4% but EU ~12.8% + hormone ban restrictions.
7	Wine & Spirits	0.05	0.00	US ~5% on wine. EU 0% on spirits.
8	Cereals & Grains	0.04	0.35	US low. EU heavily protected (CAP).
9	Sugar & Confectionery	0.16	0.30	Both protected. US TRQ system ~16% avg.
10	Chemicals	0.06	0.05	Both moderate/low.
11	Pharmaceuticals	0.00	0.00	Zero-for-zero agreement.
12	Machinery	0.02	0.02	Both low.
13	Electronics & Semiconductors	0.00	0.00	ITA — both 0%.
14	Textiles & Apparel	0.12	0.12	Both ~12% avg MFN.
15	Footwear	0.11	0.08	US ~11%. EU ~8%.
16	Ceramics & Glass	0.06	0.05	Both moderate.
17	Plastics & Rubber	0.04	0.04	Both ~4%.
18	Paper & Pulp	0.00	0.00	Both 0%.
19	Furniture	0.03	0.03	Both low.
20	Aircraft (civil)	0.00	0.00	WTO Agreement — 0%.
21	Copper	0.03	0.00	US ~3% MFN. EU 0%.
22	Lumber & Wood	0.03	0.00	US ~3% MFN. EU 0%.
23	Tobacco	0.15	0.10	US higher MFN. EU moderate.
24	Olive Oil	0.05	0.40	US low. EU very high (CAP).
25	Fish & Seafood	0.05	0.12	US low. EU moderate.

Data Sources & Context

US-EU Framework Agreement / Joint Statement (Aug 21, 2025) — US commits to 15% all-inclusive ceiling (higher of MFN or 15%); MFN-only for cork, aircraft/parts, generic pharmaceuticals, chemical precursors (from Sep 1, 2025); autos reduced to 15% combined (from Aug 1, 2025).
Joint Statement · Federal Register (Sep 25, 2025)
US Supreme Court, Learning Resources v. Trump / Trump v. V.O.S. Selections (Feb 20, 2026, 6-3) — IEEPA does not authorize presidential tariffs; reciprocal and fentanyl tariffs invalidated; refunds to be litigated at the CIT.
Opinion (24-1287) · CRS Legal Sidebar
Section 122 surcharge (Feb 24 – Jul 24, 2026) — 10% global import surcharge under the Trade Act of 1974 (150-day statutory limit); expired Jul 24, 2026 with no congressional extension; legality on appeal at the Federal Circuit.
Proclamation
Section 301 forced-labor tariffs (effective Jul 24, 2026) — 10–12.5% on 60 economies including the EU; EU combined MFN+Section 301 rate generally capped at 10%. Also: Section 301 'overcapacity' investigation (EU included) ongoing; Jul 24, 2026 presidential threat of further Section 301 tariffs on the EU over tech-fine disputes.
USTR · Honigman alert
Section 232 tariffs — steel/aluminum 50% (doubled Jun 2025), copper 50% (Proclamation 10962, Aug 2025), autos/parts 15% combined for the EU; pharmaceuticals/semiconductors/lumber actions pending, capped ≤15% for the EU. Unaffected by the IEEPA ruling.
White House proclamations
EU Implementing Regulations (Council final approval Jun 25, 2026) — eliminate remaining EU customs duties on US industrial goods; TRQs/reduced tariffs for US seafood and non-sensitive agricultural products; lobster duty-free (retroactive Aug 1, 2025, to Jul 31, 2030); main regulation applies to end-2029 with safeguard/suspension mechanisms. Implementing Regulations followed the European Parliament's brief Jan 2026 freeze during the Greenland tariff episode (threatened Jan 17, withdrawn Jan 21, 2026).
Council press release · EC Trade Policy
WTO Tariff Profiles — MFN applied rates by HS chapter (baseline table).
WTO Statistics
Tax Foundation / Yale Budget Lab / CRS — analysis of effective US tariff rates 2025–2026.
taxfoundation.org · Yale Budget Lab · CRS IF13107

Note: Tariff rates shown are weighted averages or representative rates for each product category; actual rates vary by specific HS code / tariff line and by exemption schedule. "EU on US" reflects the EU's 2026 Implementing Regulations (industrial goods 0%) — the EU's retaliatory tariffs (adopted Jul 2025 against €90bn+ of US goods) remain suspended since Aug 5, 2025, with repeated extensions. The US 15% Framework ceiling remains the agreed cap, but the current general rate on most EU goods is ~10% (MFN + Section 301, combined cap); a pending Section 301 overcapacity investigation and the threatened tech-fines tariff could push rates back toward the 15% ceiling. Data vintage: September 10, 2026. Numbers may change as Section 122 litigation and pending Section 232/301 actions develop.

US ↔ EU Reciprocal Tariffs by Product

Current Effective Tariff Rates — US on EU imports vs EU on US imports (September 2026)

WTO MFN Baseline Rates (pre-2025, for reference)

Data Sources & Context