The conclusion of the following paragraph from the "Times" of November 14th, 1806, is a striking testimony to the vitality of the Ottoman Empire. No doubt present day prophecy of Turkish decadence will be found to be equally astray a century hence :—

"We have been for some time prepared for the change which we understand has taken place in the Councils of the Porte. That capricions and besetted Government is said to have so far deviated from the system and principles to which for several years it has owed its political existence, as to have dissolved its alliance with Russia. Advices to this effect have been received by the 'Rose' cutter, whose arrival from the Mediterranean we yesterday mentioned This is certainly a misfortune of some magnitude at this moment, when we hoped to see the undivided energy of Russia directed against the common enemy But we trust that great Empire possesses efficient strength to combat Bouraparte in the West of Europe, and to overwhelm with disgrace and defeat this new ally which has started up in the East. Whether victorious or vanquished. the Turk is likely to be the victim in the contest. If the former, the French (for his hope of success can be only founded upon their co operation) will reach Constantinople; if the latter, the Russians become masters of it In either event the Grand Signior loses his capital,"

Before a meeting of the Central Asian Society, on Wednesday last week, a paper was read by Mr. Valentine Chirol on "The Pan-Islamic Revival." Lieut.-General Sir Edwin Collen presided, and there was a large attendance, including Mr. Ameer AH, Sir Lipel Griffin, Sir Thomas Gordor, Mr. T.W. Arnold, and Mr. G. de Wesselitsky.

The Chairman, in introducing Mr. Chirol, said that he was well-known as a distinguished traveler and a deep student and authority in regard to Eastern questions.

Mr. Chirol said that we often spoke—rather light heartedly—of the British Empire as, among other things, the greatest Mahomedan power in the world, and unquestionably no Sovereign counted among his subjects so many millions of Mahomedans as King Edward. This was a factor of the greatest importance in considering the interests and the future of the British Empire, for, in the East, religion was still a force more potent than any other. Both in Egypt and in India we had reminders, which had come as a surprise to many, that Islam still represented an elemental force with which British statesmanship might have seriously to reckon. Abdul Hamid had, he remarked, successfully applied himself, with mingled daring and conning, to the two fold task of restoring the despotic power of the Sultanate at home and of seeking compensation for the curtailment of his temporal dominions by reviving and extending throughout the Mahomedan world the spiritual authority to which he laid claim as heir to the Khalifate of Islam. The claim of the Turkish Sultans to the Khalifate dated only from the 16th century, and arose out of the conquest of Egypt. The Sultan Selim's triumphant entry into Aleppo was the occasion when for the first time at a Friday service in the mosque the title of Protector of the Holy Places was ad led to the other titles of the Ottoman Sultans. From that date to this none of Selim's successors had allowed the title to lapse. It was daring the complications which led to the British occupation of Egypt that Yildiz Kiosk appeared to have become the seat of an organised propaganda on behalf of what had come to be known as Pan Islamism. That was 25 years ago. and the channels through which Pan- Islamism worked were so tortuous that its slow but steady progress attracted but little attention, except from those who knew something of the East, until the events of the last 12 months in Egypt revealed, as in a sudden blaze of light, the activity of the forces which we had ignored with our usual self-complacency. The word prestige was deprecated nowadays in humanitarian quarters as redolent of obsolete militarism and barbarism, bat in the East it had lost none of its potency, and throughout the East, wherever Mahomedans congregated, the name of Abdul Hamid had been steadfastly magnified, with results which we were now beginning to realize. Among the concrete facts of Abdul Hamid's Pan-Islamic policy none was more remarkable and significant than the construction of the Hedjaz railway, which would ultimately link up the seat of his temporal power as Sultan at Constantinople with the teat of his spiritual power as Khalif at Mecca. The railway was expected to reach Medina in 1910, and Mecca about three years later. After some remarks on the effect of Abdul Hamid's policy in Persia and Afghanistan, Mr. Chiroi remarked that, after all, the question of permanent importance to us was whether, and to what extent, Pan Islamism had reached the great masses of our Indian Mahomedans, who numbered roughly, one-fourth of the whose population of our Indian Empire and of whom the vast majority were Sunnis, like the Turks. In what light exactly the Mahomedans of India viewed the Sultan's claim to the Khalifate was a point of no small interest. In many mosques his name appeared to be used in the Friday prayers, but excellent authorities assured us that this did not imply anything more than a mark of respect and reverence for a great Mussulman Sovereign. One could not but infer from various utterances that the influence which Abdul Hamid was beginning to exercise as the Khalif of Islam over the minds of I dian Mahomedans was causing among the more loyal and enlightened section of the Mabomedans community in India a certain measure of apprehension, and that they felt the time had come openly to discountenance its growth. This was a matter which deserved dose and serious consideration at the hands of our rulers, especially at a time when the Mahomedans of India warp, rightly or wrongly, disposed to believe that their interests no longer received from the supreme Government the same impartial treatment to which they had hitherto been accustomed. He did not wish to enter upon controversial questions which had lately been raised in regard to British administration in India, but the fact remained that recent events had produced upon the minds of not a few Indian Mahomedans the impression that their rights as a minority had been sacrificed, and were likely to ho still farther sacrificed in the future to the claims of the Hindu majority, and merely in their opinion, because the Hindu majority had had recourse to methods of agitation which the Indian Mohamedans had not considered to be compatible with a deep sense of loyalty towards the British Raj. Whenever a real change tool place at Constantinople—whether it were in Abdul Hamid's lifetime or more probably when he was gathered in due conrse to hi forefathers it might he bored that whatever British Government was in power, would take the earliest opportunity of showing in the face of the Mahomedan world that British policy was inspired by no settled antagonism to Turkey, but, on the contrary, was prepared to respect and even to support, both the temporal and the spiritual authority of tb Sultan solong as those were not employed to subserve purposes of hostility to the British Empire.

A discussion followed, in which Sir Lape Griffin, Mr. Ameer Ali, and others took part.

We have received the following communication from Mr. R. Fox Bourne, secretary of the Aborigines Protection Society :—

To ThE Editor of the "Egyptian Gazette.'

Sir,—In your issue of 2nd November you comment on a letter dated 3rd October written by me on behalf of the Aborigines Protection Society to Sir Edward Grey, in which incidental reference is made tithe policy of the Sudan Government in dealing with the liquor traffic, and yon quote some figures in support of your statement that "it is difficult to see how the Aborigines Protection Society can think the policy very effective."

Allow me to point out that neither in the letter in question nor anywhere else has the Society suggested that the Sudan policy is "effective." It has done no more than refer to that policy as "an example worthy of being followed" in other parts of Central Africa under European control. The policy may be inadequately carried out or violated in practice; but its avowed intentions, and so far as we know its practical working, seem to be an improvement on anything we know of elsewhere, seeing that the professed object is to do all that possibly can be done towards preventing natives of Africa from being contaminated by European liquor.

We have not information enabling us to say to what extent this object has been achieved or has failed in its purpose. Bat official information, supplementing and slightly correcting that contained in Lord Cromer's reports, does not agree with the figures and inferences given in your article of 2nd November. It appears that the quantity of beer and alcoholic liquors (including light wines as well as spirits) admitted into the Sudan from October 1900, to October, 1901, amounted to 240 tons, and in the corresponding period 1904-1905 to 480 tons. In the return for 1900-1901 the totals for beer and liquors are not separated, nor is the estimated value stated, but in that for 1904-1905 the entry is "Beer 168 tons; L.E. 30,240. Liquors 312 tons; L.E. 84,240." This shows an apparent doubling of the importation in the course of 4 years—not an unreasonable increase considering the growth of the European and foreign floating population, military and civilian, in the Sudan.

It is alleged, with how much truth I do not knew, that the estimated value is, for customhouse and railway purposes at Alexandria, far in excess of the reality ; being based upon gross weights, including cases, bottles, packing, etc; and that, in fact, the actual value of the 480 tons imported in 1904-1905 should be stated as LE. 17,280 instead of LE. 114.480. In a communication dated 30 h September, 1906, the Acting Consul General states that, if a man drinks a bottle of beer a day he would consume 30½ dozen in a year, which would be represented by five eighths of a ton in railway weight; if he drinks a bottle of claret a day his consumption will he represented by rather more than two-thirds of a ton of rail way weight in the course of a year." We are not told how much brandy or whisky is imported and consumed in the Sudan, but, if Mr. Findlay's figures are accurate, there seems no reason for supposing that even 480 tons of beer and liquors of all sorts might not be consumed in a year by 2,787 Europeans and other aliens, including women and children, without any of it reaching the native population.

I may add that the foregoing particulars were furnished by Lord Cromer's representative in reply to questions asked in the House of Commons last July on behalf of this Society.

Apologizing for the length of this letter, I am. etc,

H. R. Fox Bourne.

An Aintab correspondent of the "Levant Herald" writes :—

At about eight o'clock on Thursday morning, Oct. 25, as Mr. 8anders was riding from the College to the new Girls' Seminary building, he was thrown from his horse, striking the back of his head. He Was carried in a state of coma to hospital and expired at sunset, death being due to extensive fracture of the base of the skull.

Funeral services for Mr. Sanders were he'd on Fri lay afternoon at the First church, a large congregation being present. The bearers were college students. Professor H. A. Bazlian spoke of Mr. Sanders' peculiar qualification in physique, sympathy and self denial for his work as a touring missionary. Dr. Shepard spoke of him as the man of wide information who might have been equally successful in any one of a number of lines of work, as the faithful friend, and as the Christian who had conquered himself in a high degree and whose heart was not in this world. The service at the grave was conducted by Rev. D kran Rejebian, pastor of the third church, which Mr. Sanders attended regularly when in Aintab. The grave is in the college cemetery, in the place which he long ago marked out, beside the grave of his wife.

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